Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, — is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkans.

Appereance
Serbia's flag is red, blue, and white horizontal striped from the top to bottom with a crest(eye-patch) covering their right eye. The crest is red with a double headed white eagle. Serbia is also generally depicted in the fandom as wearing a golden crown and casual clothes.

Male
Male Serbia can be seen in the range of wearing military, traditional, or casual clothes. Most draw him in a military outfit.

Female
Female Serbia has the same range as male Serbia, but tends to stay on the traditional/casual spectrum.

Personality
Serbia is a rather rude person, mostly because of the past. They communicate, for the most part, exclusively with the members of the EU-European Union. Pretty pessimistic and also a very big nationalist. Serbia sometimes tends to be very loud, angry, and short-tempered, but also very big on partying. Just like Croatia and Bosnia, they will say Serbian is its own language. They tend to be smart, responsible, artistic and pleasant. When Serbia is in this mood, they can be a fun person to hang out with. Serbia also has a corrupt form which represents the struggles, trauma, and hardships that Serbia has to deal with. Said corrupt form tends to attack ethnic Croatians and Bosnians in an effort to traumatize them, or worse, murder them. This form only appears when Serbia remembers a traumatic flashback, one of them being the Kosovo war. Nowadays though, Serbia will think in light of a bad situation when they can, the daily quote of Serbia is “My past does not make me a monster.”

Interests
Serbia likes music and sport. They are excellent in tennis – with their Novak Đoković as one of the best in the world. Their basketball team quite often rivals great teams from other countries like the USA. They are also good at water polo.

Flag meaning
The red in the Serbian flag signifies the blood shed during the struggle for freedom, the blue denotes the clear sky, and white signifies dazzling bright light. Serbia's coat of arms includes a principal shield and a smaller red shield, and is placed toward the hoist side of the flag.

Etymology
The Serbs originated from the "White Serbs" who lived on the "other side of Turkey" (name used for Hungary), in the area that they called "Boiki" (Bohemia). White Serbia bordered to the Franks and White Croatia

Origin of languages
Serbia's language comes from Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic South, Slavic Serbo-Croatian sub family.

Organizations and Affiliations
The Collective Security Treaty Organization. (Observer state)

Prehistory And Roman Times
The Vinča and Starčevo cultures were the first Neolithic civilizations in the area that is now occupied by Serbia, between the 7th and the 3rd millennium BC. C .. The most important archaeological site of this time is Lepenski Vir. The oldest paleo balkanic civilizations that inhabited the area before the Roman conquest, carried out in the 1st century BC. C., were the Illyrians, Thracians, Dacians and Celts. The Celts built many fortifications, and they are credited with founding many modern cities in Serbia, such as Kalemegdan (Singidunum, Belgrade). The Greeks arrived in their expansion to the south of modern Serbia in the 4th century BC. C., reaching the northernmost point of the empire of Alexander the Great. Contemporary Serbia comprises (in whole or in part) the classical provinces of Messiah, Pannonia, Praevalitana, Dalmatia, Dacia and Macedonia. The northern city of Sirmium was one of the capitals of the Roman Empire, during the Tetrarchy. Important remains have also been found at Viminacium. At least seventeen Roman emperors were born in the region now occupied by Serbia.

Medieval Kingdoms And Serbian Empire
In 395, the Eastern Roman Empire, which included the Balkan Peninsula, was transformed into the Byzantine Empire. Between the year 500 and 700 the first Slavs began to arrive, coming from the north of the Carpathians, towards the region between the Danube and the Adriatic Sea, after helping the Byzantines against invasion attempts by the Avars, and led by the Unknown Archon, the first Proto-Serbs, coming from Sorabia, received authorization from the Emperor Heraclius to settle in the province of Macedonia, to later migrate north.

The different tribes that were populating the area from the beginning of the 7th century, united in 845 to form Rascia, a medieval state within the Byzantine Empire, and formed by the current southeast of Serbia, Kosovo and part of Montenegro. Its definitive Christianization took place between 867 and 869, when the Byzantine emperor Basilio I sent priests, after the Knez Mutimir recognized Byzantine sovereignty. Throughout the 11th century, the great župan of Rascia, Stefan Nemanja, annexed Zeta, Doclea, and adjacent territories to form the first great Serbian kingdom. His successors, especially Stefan II Nemanjić, Stefan Dragutin, Stefan Uroš II Milutin, and Stefan Uroš III Dečanski further expanded their territory.

In 1346, Tsar Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, son of Stefan Uroš III, proclaimed the Serbian Empire. During his rule, Serbia reached its territorial high point, becoming one of the largest states in Europe. Dušan was succeeded as emperor by his son Stefan Uroš V who, due to his youth and incompetence to maintain dominion over the empire created by his father, caused its fragmentation into a conglomerate of principalities. Stefan died childless in December 1371, after much of the Serbian nobility was destroyed by the emerging Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Maritza earlier that year. Noble Lazar Hrebeljanović assumed leadership of the Serbian kingdom, and in In 1389 he formed a great army with all the Serbian nobility to stop the advance of the Ottomans, but they defeated them in the Battle of Kosovo.With the fall of Belgrade in 1521, the entire empire was under Ottoman sovereignty, being the Despotate of Serbia, which fell in 1459, the last bastion of resistance.

Ottoman Period And Principality
The period of Ottoman rule meant a great repression for the Serbs, who were also forced to convert to Islam, causing a great exodus of population to the north. Much of it fled to the Holy Roman Empire, where the Emperor Leopold I welcomed a good part of them in present-day Vojvodina. After the Austro-Ottoman war of 1716-1718, this area managed to become independent from the Ottomans, as a kingdom under the sovereignty of the Habsburgs, but they reconquered it in 1739, after the war of 1736-1739.

Serbian discontent with the Ottoman administration led to the First Serbian Insurrection of 1804, when Đorđe Petrović, Karađorđe, led a revolt that was quelled in 1813, and brought about a great repression.

In 1815 the Second Serbian Insurrection broke out, led by Prince Miloš Obrenović. Although the Turks put down the rebellion in 1817, Serbia gained some autonomy under Ottoman sovereignty, with Obrenović in power as prince and absolute ruler. Thus was born the Principality of Serbia. The decrees of the Sultan of 1830 and 1833 expanded their rights over a wider territory, and made it possible to establish in Belgrade a patriarchate of the Serbian Orthodox Church, independent of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Russia's condition as guarantor of the autonomy of Serbia was also important.

Following new clashes between the Ottoman army and groups of civilians in Belgrade in 1862, and under pressure from the great powers, in 1867 the last Ottoman soldiers left the Principality. By enacting a new constitution, Serbian diplomats confirmed the de facto independence of the country. Formal independence was recognized internationally at the Berlin Congress of 1878, which formally ended the Russo-Turkish War. This treaty, however, prohibited the union of Serbia with the Principality of Montenegro, and placed the Ottoman province of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the administration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Kingdom Of Serbia
The Serbs of Vojvodina, under the jurisdiction of the Austrian Empire, participated in the revolts of 1848 against the Habsburgs, establishing the autonomous region of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Timişoara. Its autonomy was abolished in 1860, when it became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

On March 23, 1882, the Serbian prince, Milan IV Obrenović, proclaimed the Kingdom of Serbia, he being its first monarch under the name of Milan I. In 1903, the Royal House of Karađorđević (descendants of the revolutionary leader Karađorđe) assumed the power, following the assassination of King Alexander I in Belgrade by a group of conspirators who stormed the palace. His successor, Peter I, allied with Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece (forming the Balkan League) to face the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War (1912-1913), and later (allied with Turks, Montenegrins, Romanians and Greeks) against Bulgaria in the Second Balkan War. These culminated with the treaties of London and Bucharest in 1913, by which the Kingdom of Serbia tripled its territory thanks to the adjudication of part of Macedonia, Kosovo, and parts of Serbia itself.

WW1
On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sofía Chotek were assassinated in Sarajevo, then belonging to the Bosnian land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The perpetrator of the murder was Gavrilo Princip, a member of the revolutionary group Young Bosnia, an organization that has regularly been linked to Serbian nationalism and the Unification or Death organization. This fact led Austria-Hungary to declare war on the Kingdom of Serbia. Russia came to the defense of Serbia and began the mobilization of its troops, which led the Austro-Hungarians and their allies from the German Empire to declare war also on Russia on August 1, 1914. Austria-Hungary's retaliation against Serbia triggered a series of military alliances (the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance) that sparked a chain reaction of declarations of war across the continent, which took a month At the outbreak of World War I. The Ottoman Empire and later the Kingdom of Bulgaria allied on the Austro-Hungarian side, while Russia and Serbia received support from France and the United Kingdom.

On August 12, Austrian troops crossed the Drina and began the invasion of Serbia. The Serbian army achieved several important victories against Austria-Hungary at the beginning of the war, such as the Battle of Cer and the Battle of Kolubara, constituting the first Allied victories. against the Central Powers throughout the conflict.Despite initial success the Serbs were eventually defeated by the joint forces of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria, and in November 1915 the bulk of the Serbian army and thousands of civilians withdrew towards Greece and, through Albania, to Corfu. They then regrouped in Thessaloniki and joined a multinational force with the French, British, Greeks and Italians and returned to the Macedonian front, where in September 1918 they carried out the great Allied offensive that led to the capitulation of Bulgaria and liberation. Despite being victorious in the war, Serbia suffered the highest death rate in the conflict, between 17% and 27% of its population.

Kingdom Of Yugoslavia
After the war, the former Austro-Hungarian provinces of Croatia-Slavonia, Carniola and Bosnia and Herzegovina, were united in the ephemeral State of the Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Despite the misgivings of some European powers, this State joined with Serbia and Montenegro in the Declaration of Corfu to proclaim, on December 1, 1918, a parliamentary monarchy, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. part of the new state Vojvodina from the Hungarian part of the empire and part of Styria and most of Dalmatia from the Austrian side.

Soon this geographical expansion collided with the interests of Italy, which claimed more areas of the Dalmatian coast, while the new kingdom demanded the Istrian peninsula.On the other hand, the rivalry between Serbs and Croats intensified, and on June 20, 1928 In the middle of parliament, a Montenegrin deputy shot the Croatian politician Stjepan Radić, who died days later. This act served as a pretext for King Alexander I Karađorđević (who in 1921 had succeeded his father, Peter I) to abolish the Constitution of 1920 and proclaim the royal dictatorship. On October 3, 1929, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

The interwar period did not bring tranquility to the new state. Ethnic tensions between Serbs and Croats were on the rise, and on October 9, 1934 King Alexander I was assassinated in Marseille during an official visit to France, by a member of the Internal Revolutionary Organization of Macedonia. In addition to the new regent, the Prince Paul Karađorđević established friendly relations with the emerging totalitarian states of Nazi Germany and fascist Italy.

WW2
The invasion of Poland by the German army in September 1939 was the trigger for the outbreak of the Second World War. Fearing an invasion by Germany, Prince Paul signed the Tripartite Pact with the Axis powers on March 25, 1941, sparking unrest in Serbia. On March 27, Paul was overthrown by a coup supported by the allied powers, and replaced by King Peter II Karađorđević, the legitimate successor to the throne.

Although the new government did not formally declare its enmity with the Axis, on April 6, 1941, Adolf Hitler launched Operation Punishment, ordering the invasion of Yugoslavia. That same day, the Luftwaffe bombed Belgrade, and on April 17, April the unconditional surrender of the country was signed. After the invasion, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was dissolved: in Serbia a collaborationist military government was established, managed by General Milan Nedić; other areas were divided among the Axis countries, and with Croatia and Bosnia the Independent State of Croatia was created, under the government of Ante Pavelić, head of the Croatian fascist party Ustasha.

The resistance to the occupation was organized on two fronts: on the one hand the partisan movement, of communist inspiration and led by Josip Broz Tito, and on the other the Chetniks, of monarchical and proserbian orientation, whose commander was Draža Mihajlović. faced the invaders, in Croatia began the systematic extermination of Serbs, Jews and Gypsies, carried out by the Ustashi regime, which installed several concentration camps, the most prominent being that of Jasenovac. According to estimates, between 500,000 and 700,000 Serbs were killed.

In early 1944, the partisans became the main resistance force in Bosnia, Montenegro, Slovenia, and Herzegovina. In Serbia, however, especially in rural areas, the population became more sympathetic to the Chetniks.In September 1944, the advance of the Red Army almost reached Yugoslavia, so Tito traveled to Moscow and coordinated with Stalin the joint action against the Axis forces. On October 20, 1944, partisan troops and the Red Army seized Belgrade in a joint operation, and by the end of the year, the eastern half of Yugoslavia had been completely liberated.In April 1945, Sarajevo was liberated as well, and Croatia and Slovenia the following month. Before undertaking the pacification of the country, the partisans also had to confront the Chetniks, which triggered a civil conflict between the two forces.

Serbia In Socialist Yugoslavia
After the war, Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia initiated the process of government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Yugoslavia; a new electoral law was approved and elections were called. These were held in November 1945, with a single list, called the Popular Front and dominated by the communists, which obtained more than 90% of the votes.The constitutional assembly proclaimed the abolition of the monarchy, and a multinational one-party government was established. On January 31, 1946, the Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia was established, made up of six socialist republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.

The state began with a notable predominance of the Socialist Republic of Serbia over federal politics, initially centralized in its capital, Belgrade. Rapid economic socialization and the Five Year Plans brought with them significant industrial development. The massive influx of emigrants, ensuring labor, from impoverished Albania (especially nearby Kosovo) and its extraordinary population explosion caused the number of Albanians to in Kosovo it has doubled since the end of World War II, reaching the figure of 916,168 in the 1971 Yugoslav census, which made it the region with the highest demographic growth in Yugoslavia and Europe.

The proliferation in the different republics of nationalist groups that gained strength and threatened the political stability of the federation, forced a decentralization of power. Thus, in 1974, it was agreed to create the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Metohija and Vojvodina within Serbia, to satisfy the demands of the different ethnic groups that made them up.

Tito, who had kept Yugoslavia under a tight multi-ethnic policy since 1945, died in 1980, which brought with it a boom in nationalist movements, exacerbated by the pressing Yugoslav economic crisis. In the 1980s, Kosovo Albanians stepped up their demands that the province obtain republic status, as a first step towards possible self-determination. The ethnic tensions between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo degenerated into violence and would have a great influence on the collapse of the former Yugoslavia.

Dissolution Of Yugoslavia
In 1989 Slobodan Milošević of the League of Communists of Serbia came to power in Serbia, which had ousted all its opponents through a policy of intrigue and intimidation. One of its first measures was the abolition of the autonomy of the provinces. Serbian women from Kosovo and Vojvodina. On June 28, 1989, in full nationalist effervescence, Milošević appeared in Kosovo Polje, the scene of the Battle of Kosovo on the 600th anniversary of the defeat against the Turks, where, before a crowd of between 500,000 and 1,000,000 Serbs, he delivered the famous Gazimestan speech, an exaltation of Serbian ideals that had serious consequences.

The wars that led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia began on June 27, 1991, when the Slovenian War of Independence began, in which the Yugoslav People's Army was surprised. Slovenian independence did not affect other nationalities, as it was ethnically homogeneous, but it lit the secessionist fuse in the other republics. This short conflict was not repeated in the bloody Croatian War of Independence and the Bosnian War, which lasted until 1995, leaving hundreds of thousands dead and millions of refugees, and where large Serbian communities caused and also suffered serious events of ethnic cleansing and genocide.

In 1992, the Governments of Serbia and Montenegro agreed to the creation of a new federation under the name of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which abandoned its former official name and the communist system, adopting representative democracy and the free market system. However, some of the other former Yugoslav republics accused Serbia of its participation in the Yugoslav wars (in 2007 Serbia was acquitted of a Bosnian accusation, as the International Court of Justice interpreted that "the Serbian State could not be held responsible or complicit ") .On 23 July 1997, Milošević was proclaimed President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

The escalation of ethnic violence in the Kosovo province became unstoppable, reaching its peak in 1998, when clashes between the federal army and the Albanian guerrilla Kosovo Liberation Army reached overtones of open warfare. The mass killings and deportations of civilians on both sides put Kosovo in the crosshairs of Western public opinion. Then, NATO intervened to stop the Kosovo War and carried out a trade blockade against the Federal Yugoslav Republic, forcing the Rambouillet peace talks (January 1999), which failed due to Serbia's refusal to accept the proposed conditions. NATO issued an ultimatum to the federal authorities, and carried out the Bombardment of Yugoslavia, which took place between March 24 and June 11, 1999. This campaign of air strikes devastated Serbian infrastructures and sank its economy, 65 In addition to leaving a balance of 3,000 civilians dead and 10,000 wounded. On June 12, the international contingent of KFOR troops in charge of pacifying the area arrived in Kosovo, which was under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.

Political Transition ( 2000 - Today )
Since September 2000, after the federal elections and with the country bankrupt, the opposition parties began to accuse Milošević of fraud. Street protests and demonstrations across Serbia forced her to hand over power to the Serbian Democratic Opposition, a broad coalition of reformist parties, lifting Serbia out of its international isolation. On June 28, 2001, Milošević was handed over by the Serbian authorities to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, which accused him of sponsoring war crimes and crimes against humanity during the wars in Croatia, Bosnia and Kosovo. His trial was prolonged until his death in The Hague in 2006.

On February 4, 2003, a new Constitution came into force, and the name of Yugoslavia was eliminated, changing the country to be called Serbia and Montenegro (officially the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro). The Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić, responsible for the handover of Slobodan Milošević, and who had initiated a policy of openness and rapprochement with the West, was assassinated in Belgrade on March 12, 2003, in an attack instigated by the Serbian mafia, which had important ties with Milošević. The successive governments of Boris Tadić, president of Serbia since 2004, brought Serbia closer to the international community and the European Union, as well as a normalization of its international relations and with other former Yugoslav republics.

On May 21, 2006, a referendum was held in Montenegro to determine whether to end its union with Serbia. The results showed 55.4% of the voters in favor of independence, so the Parliament of Montenegro proclaimed the independence of the state on June 3, 2006. On that day, Serbia declared itself a sovereign state, as successor of the previous one.

The situation in Kosovo was complicated when, on February 17, 2008, its leaders unilaterally proclaimed their independence. The entire Serbian government, headed by its President Boris Tadić and Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica, announced that this was a violation of international law and that it would never recognize its independence. A group of countries recognized the new State, but others did not, so its status remained in the air until a further resolution.

The normalization of the country's international relations and its aspirations for access to the European Union were strengthened by the capture and delivery to international justice, by the Tadić government, of the two most wanted men for their role in the Yugoslav wars. : Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić, surrendered in 2008 and 2011 respectively, and hiding on Serbian territory.

Government
The politics of Serbia function within the framework of a parliamentary democracy. The prime minister is the head of government, while the president is the head of state. Serbia is a parliamentary republic composed of three branches of government: an executive, legislature, and judiciary.[1]

Diplomacy

 * WIP

Geography
In the south of Serbia, there are mountainous regions with the Morava River running through them. The Morava River runs from the dominating Danube River in the north. Other terrains in Serbia can vary from fertile plains and limestone ranges to basins and hills.

Family

 * Croatia — brother.
 * Montenegro-Pictogram.png Montenegro — Sibling
 * North Macedonia-Pictogram.png North Macedonia — Sibling
 * Slovenia-Pictogram.png Slovenia — Sibling
 * Russia-Pictogram.png Russia — Cousin
 * Belarus-Pictogram.png Belarus — Cousin
 * Czech Republic-Pictogram.png Czech Republic — Cousin
 * Ukraine-Pictogram.png Ukraine — Cousin
 * Bulgaria-Pictogram.png Bulgaria — Cousin
 * Poland-Pictogram.png Poland — cousin
 * Slovakia-Pictogram.png Slovakia — Sibling
 * Kosovo-Pictogram.png Kosovo — Sibling

Friends

 * Russia
 * China
 * Armenia
 * Greece
 * Bulgaria

Neutral

 * USA

Enemies

 * Kosovo

Extra(s)
Serbia has been topping the global raspberry export list for several years now. In 2012, almost 95% of the world’s raspberries came from the country.
 * Between the 3rd and 4th century, a total of 18 Roman emperors were born on the soil of what is modern-day Serbia. That number accounts for a fifth of all Roman rulers.


 * “Vampir” is the most famous Serbian word that is accepted and used across the world. Furthermore, the first vampire wasn’t Count Dracula but Petar Blagojević, whose vampirism was extensively written about in the Austria-Pictogram.png Austrian press in 1725.


 * In Serbia there is a river called “Year”. But, no, this river is not actually named “Godina” (Serbian for “year”). Its real name is Vrelo, but it got this nickname because of its unique length. This river is precisely 365 meters long.