Ethiopia

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in East Africa. They share borders with Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia and Somaliland, Kenya, Sudan, and South Sudan.

Appearance
Ethiopia is a country man, predominantly male, whose head is painted in the color of the flag. Most often depicted in white clothes: shirt, vest and pants.

History
In ancient times, on the territory of Ethiopia there was a large number of different kingdoms, the most powerful of which is the Aksumite kingdom, formed in the middle of the 1st millennium and reached its peak in the 4th-6th centuries. It was then that a large number of conflicts with many Arab countries took place in Ethiopia.

Islam arose in Ethiopia in the 7th century. The country was divided into two parts: Christian and Muslim. From the 13th to the 17th century, there was a struggle for power in Ethiopia, attempts to centralize power, as well as quite a few coups. The feudal fragmentation of Ethiopia during the 18-19th century was so great that the strongest principalities were often called “kingdoms”. Colonial powers such as England and France began taking interest in Ethiopia.

On October 21, 1867, the Anglo-Ethiopian War began, which ended with the victory of Great Britain. In 1874, a war broke out between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Suez Canal.

Meanwhile, around Ethiopia, the activity of the European colonial powers intensified every year. In 1862 the French acquired a colony from the local leader, in 1869 the port of Assab was bought by an Italian company. In 1881, an anti-colonial movement began, which directly infringed upon the interests of Great Britain, which in 1882 established domination over Egypt. On February 3, 1885, Italian troops landed in Eritrea with the assistance of the British. In June 1885, the Italians occupied a city in Ethiopia. In November 1886 Ethiopia went to war with Italy... On May 2, 1889, a treaty of friendship and trade was signed between Italy and Ethiopia. In January 1890, the Italians occupied the city in Ethiopia and then announced that Ethiopia had recognized the Italian protectorate. France and Russia refused to recognize the Italian protectorate over Ethiopia. Thus, Italy's plans to seize Ethiopia were supported only by England, and then only in words.

The First Italo-Ethiopian War of 1895-1896 began. By October 1895, the Italians had occupied all major cities, but France and Russia were diligently supplying their weapons to Ethiopia. On October 26, 1896, Italy signed a peace treaty, according to which it recognized the independence of Ethiopia. In 1897, the Anglo-Ethiopian agreement was concluded, according to which the boundaries between Ethiopia and the British colony of Somaliland were precisely established.

Ethiopia sought to trade with the United States and Germany, so the American-Ethiopian trade agreement was signed in 1903, and the German-Ethiopian one in 1905. Ethiopia has established good relations with the USSR. In 1930, the Japanese-Ethiopian Friendship Treaty was signed.

On the night of October 2–3, 1935, two fascist armies invaded Ethiopia from Eritrea and Somalia, and the Second Italo-Ethiopian War of 1935-1936 began. The League of Nations recognized Italy as the aggressor and imposed sanctions on it. The Italian army used flamethrower weapons in Ethiopia, and from December 1935 - chemical weapons. On May 9, 1936, Italy announced the annexation of Ethiopia. On June 1, 1936, the colonial administrative-territorial entity of Italy was formed, which included Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia. The capture of Ethiopia was recognized not only Germany and Japan, but also Britain and France, the Soviet Union did not recognize the annexation of Ethiopia. Meanwhile, the Second World War began, on June 10, 1940, hostilities began between Great Britain and Italy.

The liberated areas of Ethiopia were still considered the occupied territory of Italy, and the British military administration was established over them. Meanwhile, liberated Ethiopia struggled to overcome anarchy. On January 31, 1942, the Anglo-Ethiopian agreement was concluded.

In 1955, a new constitution was adopted, consolidating the authoritarian regime of the emperor and discrimination against non-Christian peoples. By the middle of the 20th century, Ethiopia turned out to be one of the most backward countries in Africa. In 1952, the reunification of Eritrea with Ethiopia took place, according to a UN decision. Eritrea opposed the creation of a federation of Eritrea and Ethiopia. In 1962, the autonomous status of Eritrea was abolished.

In 1958, the Eritrean Liberation Movement was formed in Eritrea. The war in Eritrea broke out in September 1961, at the same time the Eritrean Liberation Front was created, from which the Popular Front for the Liberation of Eritrea broke away. The impetus for the 1974 revolution was the great drought of 1972-1974, which led to widespread famine.

In February 1977, a military regime was established in the country. Ethiopia broke off diplomatic relations with the United States, Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany.

In 1977-1978. there was a military conflict with Somalia. Both of these countries by that time announced their intention to build socialism, both were allies of the USSR. The leadership of the Soviet Union decided to support Ethiopia. The Somali government immediately severed relations with the USSR and turned to the United States for help. The Americans provided help, but it was not enough. On March 9, 1978, Somalia announced the end of the war and the withdrawal of troops - they left until mid-March, but the invasions of the Somalis were repeated until 1986.

On November 20, 1978, the Soviet-Ethiopian treaty of friendship and cooperation was signed.

In 1978-1980, 1982-1985 and 1987-1988 there were droughts.

After the fall of the communist regime, power passed to the Revolutionary Democratic Front of the Ethiopian peoples. Instead of the former traditional provinces, eight unequal states were created on a national basis. On August 23, 1995, the state was named the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Since 1995, the country has become a parliamentary republic.

On May 24, 1993, Eritrea separated from Ethiopia.

Friends
Djibouti - "My closest friendly neighbor with whom we have signed a trade and security agreement." Kenya - "We maintain good trade relations and help each other develop!"

Neutral
Eritrea - "We were constantly at war with each other, as a result, he separated from me, but now our relationship is gradually improving." Sudan - "We have quite a calm relationship. They supported me during the war with Eritrea, but we have a small conflict over one disputed district."

Enemies
Somalia - "We had one military conflict over Ogaden's ownership in 1977-1978, but he failed to take it away from me!" Kingdom of Italy - "An evil imperialist who captured me in 1936!"

Trivia

 * Ethiopia remained uncolonised during the "Scramble for Africa", being one of the 2 countries to maintain self-rule in the period (the only other holdout was Liberia).