Tunisia

Tunisia (Arabic: تونس), the official name is the Republic of Tunisia (Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية) - CountryHumans character, a state in North Africa. In the north and east it is washed by the Mediterranean Sea. In the west it borders on Algeria, and in the southeast - on Libya.

History Ancient history In 814 BC. on the territory of modern Tunisia, the Phoenicians founded the city of Carthage, which soon became the state of the same name in northern Africa.

After the fall of Phoenician influence in the Western Mediterranean, Carthage subjugates the former Phoenician colonies. By the 3rd century BC. it becomes the largest state in the western Mediterranean, subjugating southern Spain, the coast of North Africa, most of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica.

However, after the Punic Wars with the Roman Republic, Carthage lost its possessions and was destroyed in 146 BC, and its territory was turned into a Roman province called Africa.

After the division of the Roman Empire, it was the capital of the Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans (439-534 AD).

Then this territory was conquered by Byzantium, after which Carthage became the capital of the African Exarchate.

In 670, the Righteous Caliphate founded its first city in Tunisia - Kairouan, which became the center of the Trans-Saharan trade. In 697, Byzantine Carthage fell under the onslaught of the Arab conquerors.

Ottoman rule In 1534, Tunisia was captured by the Ottoman Empire, but a year later it came under the control of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1574, the Ottoman Turks conquered Tunisia again.

From the end of the 16th century, the power of the Ottoman Empire in these territories became only nominal - formally, Tunisia was ruled by beys from the Muradid dynasty. In 1705, the independent state of Tunisia was created under the rule of the Beys from the Husseinid dynasty.

French Tunisia In 1881, France through diplomatic means obtained consent from other great powers ( Great Britain, Germany and Russia ) to seize Tunisia. In March 1881, French colonial troops in Algeria crossed the Tunisian border. On May 12, 1881, the Treaty of Bardos was signed establishing a French protectorate over Tunisia, which entered into force on May 27.

On June 8, 1883, a convention was signed in the Tunisian suburb of La Marsa, which completed the creation of the French protectorate regime.

Under the protectorate of France, Tunisia had its own coat of arms, anthem, currency and postage stamps. In addition, thanks to the French colonists in Tunisia, the construction of railways and highways, ports, banks, mining enterprises and much more begins.

At the start of World War II in 1940, France was occupied by Nazi Germany. Thus, Tunisia comes under the control of the puppet regime of Vichy France. In 1942, German troops landed in Tunisia, which surrendered six months later thanks to the efforts of the Allies during the Tunisian campaign.

Independent Tunisia In 1954, the Tunisian struggle for independence and civil unrest led France to negotiate with him to grant him internal autonomy while maintaining the monarchy.

In April 1955, an agreed convention established that France would retain control of Tunisia 's army and foreign policy until next year. On March 20, 1956, Tunisia achieved its full sovereignty and was proclaimed a kingdom. However, on July 25, 1957, the monarchy was overthrown, and Tunisia became a republic.

Relationship Friends France - yes, I was her colony for quite a long time, but now she provides me with significant economic assistance and helps me with investments! Germany is my third largest economic partner and investor! USA - was the first to recognize my independence! He also helps me economically! Iran - despite the fact that many people dislike it, I have quite calm and friendly relations with it. Neutral Algeria - we have a rather complicated relationship, because there were many territorial and political disputes between us. However, we still have a lot to develop in relations with each other. Libya - relations between us are so-so, because now it is not easy for him in the current situation. In the past, they often clashed. Saudi Arabia - We disagree on political issues, but we share a common commitment to Muslim values. He is also not satisfied that I am on good terms with Iran, which, in principle, is not his business. Enemies Israel - why don't you give freedom to Palestine ? You have to fix this or we won't get along in the future!