Peru

Peru (Spanish. Perú, Quechua Piruw , Aime. Piruw ), the official name - the Republic of Peru (Spanish:. Republica del Peru, Quechua Piruw Mama Llaqta, Aime. Piruw Suyu ) - character CountryHumans , a country in South America. It borders in the northwest with Ecuador, in the north with Colombia , in the east with Brazil , in the southeast with Bolivia and Chile.

Description Character In the beginning, Peru was very humble and friendly. Later, he became more daring, but did not lose his positivity, friendliness and modesty.

Appearance Peru is a country man whose head is painted in the form of the country's flag. He almost always wears a poncho and a Peruvian hat, which are almost always handmade. Wears a gold pendant. He also likes to wear dark brown pants with black boots or black jeans with white sneakers.

Flag meaning Red symbolizes war and bravery. # D91023	217, 16, 35 White symbolizes peace, dignity and progress. #FFFFFF	255, 255, 255 Flag Day: June 7

History The oldest period The first inhabitants of Peru were nomads from Asia who crossed to America through the Bering Strait, and stopped at this place. One of the cities of ancient Peru, which existed in the times of BC, was Caral.

Chavin de Huantar was the most famous Peruvian culture, on a par with the Chinese Shan civilization and the Mesopotamian culture of the Sumerians. The dawn of this culture falls on the 10th century BC.

When Chavin has a "crisis" (if you can call it that), the dawn of other Peruvian cultures begins, such as Moche (north coast), Recuai and Cajamarca (northern highlands), Lima (center) Nazca (south coast), Vari and Tiahuanaco (southern highlands). They establish powerful and unique states. Those times are called the Classical Era.

This era is followed by the era of imperial conquest, lasting from 900 to 1532. Initially, the north of Peru unites the Sikan and Chimu empires (the former is the descendants of Moche). During its heyday (about the 15th century), the Chimu empire stretched from northern Tumbes to southern Cankai. Imperial centers also emerged along the coast at Ichmu and Pachacamac. Thus, from the XIII to XV centuries. many small empires arose in the mountainous regions, the largest of which were the Chachaplias in the northern jungle of San Martin and the empire near Cuzco.

The Incas and their empire In the XII century A.D. NS. in the valley of the Urubamba River, the state of the Incas appears. For five centuries, it turns into a huge and powerful empire of pre-Columbian America. In the north, the border runs along the Patiya River (the river belongs to Colombia), in the south - along the Maule River (the river belongs to Chile), in the east the Inca rule extends to parts of the territories of what is now Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.

Around the 13th century, the Incas began their expansion, but only in the 15th century, under the leadership of Emperor Pachacutecaoni, they completed this business. Therefore, this empire is one of the largest empires in history, which united the coastal and mountainous parts of modern Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.

The center of the Tahuantinsuyu empire is the city of Cuzco.

Colonial Peru In 1533, the Supreme Inca Atahualpa was executed, but for some time the struggle of the Incas with the Spanish conquistadors continued. The Spaniards achieve victory by exploiting the divisions between the Inca clans. For some time, the subordinate position of the Indians is excessive and threatens to provoke uprisings. So Francisco de Toledo introduced the Inca tax, forcing the Indians to posthumously work in the mine in Huancavelica and the silver mine in Potosí, without receiving anything for it. These uprisings and resistance to the Spaniards continued until 1783.

Independence of Peru After the abdication of the Spanish king Charles IV at the beginning of the nineteenth century. in South America, ideas of independence appear. José de San Martín, who liberated Argentina and Chile, defeats the royal troops in Peru and on July 28, 1821 proclaims the country's independence. After that, he meets with General Bolivar, who liberated Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador, and transfers control of Peru to him. After that, the difficult construction of a new state takes place: over the course of 40 years, 35 presidents are replaced, and 15 different constitutions are adopted.

Modern Peru After the Pacific War between Chile, Bolivia and Peru, which begins over a dispute over the extraction of nitrates in the Atacama Desert, power in Peru passed to the dictator Augusto Legia, who was in power from 1919 to 1930.

In 1968, General Juan Velasco Alvarado seizes power, who pursues a more independent policy with the nationalization of various places (for example, banks). He proclaimed Quechua (the language of the Indians) as the second national language. All this spoils the economy, and in 1975 Alvarado was forced to leave the presidency.

In 1980 Fernando Belaunde Terry won the first democratic elections in Peru. During his reign, the drug trade expanded, and the development of industry was hampered by high inflation.

Alan Garcia, who ruled from 1985 to 1990, the next Peruvian president is forced to flee first to Colombia and then to France, hiding from accusations of waste and corruption. The end of his reign is marked by the rise of a left-wing Maoist terrorist movement called the Shining Path.

During the presidency of Alberto Fujimori, cracking down on the Shining Path, inflation drops to 20% and the exchange rate stabilizes. However, after a spy scandal involving Fujimori, the president flees to Japan and announces his resignation.

In 2001, for the first time an Indian, Alejandro Toledo, won the elections in Peru, which is quite surprising. He is achieving significant economic growth (6.5%) and an export boom.

Relationship Friends Argentina - we border each other and have always helped each other. In addition, Argentina plays football incomparably, which I am extremely happy about. USA - I like this guy! He's funny and cool, I love that. And he is also paid for the fact that I helped him. Spain - we had a similar situation as with Chile. But I'm not offended by Spain. He (a) has always played great football, for which I can praise him (her). Besides, what is it about if we speak the same language ?! Brazil is a longtime ally. Just like Argentina and Spain, it plays great football. Canada - He plays great hockey and makes a wonderful syrup that I love! We are old friends and Canada thinks so too! Colombia - We are longtime friends and allies. Mexico - we know each other a little, but immediately became friends. We have similar traits. Even more. Neutral Chile - before we often fought, but now our relations are more or less improved. Give me back the province of Tarapaca ! Enemies Venezuela is a bastard who is always trying to take my territories. But he knows perfectly well that he will not succeed, so why is he doing this ?! Bolivia is also a bastard. Ecuador - fought three times over disputed territories in the 20th century, and in all of them I won!